Research progress of aqueous Zn–CO2 battery: design principle and development strategy of a multifunctional catalyst

Aqueous Zn–CO 2 battery possesses a large theoretical capacity of 820 mAh g -1 (5855 cm -3 ) and high safety, showing unique position in carbon neutrality and/or reduction energy conversion storage, which has developed rapidly recent years. However, obstacles such as low value-added products, current density, overvoltage, finite cycles impede its practical application. Cathode catalysts, key component, have significant influence on gas cell performance. Despite many updated papers cathode materials for aqueous batteries, systematic summary rarely been reported, even less is mentioned about the design principle development strategy efficient catalysts. Relying structure mechanism battery, this review discusses research progress existing challenges, and, more importantly, strategies preparation methods are proposed, centering material structure, charge distribution, coordination environment. Finally, review, opportunities high-performance highlighted, enables enlightening future exploration next-generation storage systems.